Heterolytic cleavage. In heterolytic cleavage, or heterolysis, the bond breaks in such a fashion that the originally- shared pair of electrons remain with one of the fragments. Thus, a fragment gains an electron, having both bonding electrons, while the other fragment loses an electron. [4] This process is also known as ionic fission.
Bonding electrons shared unequally between two atoms. Partial charges on atoms. (unequally shared)-electrons spend more time near the larger nucleus larger negative charge and small positive charge-electron cloud is bigger on atom with greater electronegativity-partial negative form with greater electronegativity
A covalent bond between atoms that differ in electronegativity. The shared electrons are pulled closer to the more electronegative atom, making it slightly negative and the other atom slightly positive.
The dash representing a bond. H has no electrons unbonded, O has 4 electrons unbonded, F has 4 electrons unbonded, and O has 6 electrons unbonded where the bond is a lone pair donated from F. Formal Charge: Number Valence electrons - Number of bonds - number of unbonded electrons H = 1 - 1 - 0 = 0 First Oxygen = 6 - 2 - 4 = 0 F = 7 - 2 - 4 = +1
Homolytic vs Heterolytic Bond Cleavage. Bond cleavage, or scission, is the splitting of chemical bonds. This can be generally referred to as dissociation when a molecule is cleaved into two or more fragments. In general, there are two classifications for bond cleavage: homolytic and heterolytic, depending on the nature of the process (Figure 7.2).
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